Participants in a 2024 Army exercise felt intense pain and stopped resisting within seconds after officers touched electric-shock gloves to their skin, a previously unreleased study found. The participants, Army employees playing combative prisoners, also feared being shocked again.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement signed a $16.7 million contract in August to buy 6,000 pairs of the gloves, which agents could use to control detainees and protesters. Records obtained by watchdog group American Oversight indicate ICE leaders knew of the study's findings before the deal was signed.

The exercise took place at the military prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The gloves, branded G.L.O.V.E., are made by Lexington, Kentucky-based Compliant Technologies.